洛丽塔

AI招人，比人类更容易产生偏见_我的网站

一 |     

    A woman films on a motorcycle in Chongqing on July 20, 2026.Photo: VCG
As night falls over Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, motorcycles begin to weave along Nanbin Road, with riders posing against the glittering skyline across the Yangtze River. Within seconds, the moving camera captures bridges, high-rises and riverside lights - creating a signature travel moment that has become known online as the "Chongqing Landing Visa."
The trend has now spread beyond Chinese social media. On Monday, French rider Valentin Debise, who competes in the World Supersport Championship on a Chinese-brand ZXMOTO, posted a video thanking Zhang Xue for taking him to experience the "Chongqing Landing Visa." 
The "Chongqing Landing Visa" is not an actual visa, but a humorous nickname coined by netizens for a popular motorcycle photo-op in Chongqing. Visitors ride or pose with motorcycles at designated spots along Nanbin Road, using Chongqing's dazzling nighttime skyline as a backdrop, while performing a series of signature poses, such as stretching out their arms, making a heart gesture or being lifted into the air, to capture their own video of the mountain city.
The motorcycle photo-op, a playful trend created by Chinese netizens, has rapidly gained popularity this year, with related videos garnering more than 1.52 billion views. An increasing number of celebrities, influencers and foreign tourists have joined in.
"People like the 'Landing Visa' not simply because motorcycles are cool, but because it combines some of the most distinctive elements of Chongqing into a single frame - the mountains, the river, the night skyline and the city's sense of speed," Chongqing-based motorcycle blogger Yu Tiancheng told the Global Times. "Visitors don't need to understand any complicated cultural background. They just get on a motorcycle, set off, and can start enjoying the city within seconds."
"For first-time visitors to Chongqing, motorcycles offer a very direct way in," Yu noted. "You're not just standing there looking at Chongqing. You're actually riding into its nighttime scenery."
The appeal of the "Chongqing Landing Visa" is not limited to professional riders or social media influencers. Young travelers from overseas are also discovering Chongqing through its everyday urban life.
    Tourists take photos against Chongqing's cityscape.Photo: VCG
A lively city
Kim Yeon, a graduate student from South Korea, visited Chongqing during her summer vacation in August. She told the Global Times that she had watched numerous "cyberpunk" videos of Chongqing on social media before her trip, but what surprised her most after arriving was the city's vibrant nightlife.
"Even late at night, there are still so many people on the streets, and restaurants, shops and small street-side businesses remain lively. For young travelers, that atmosphere itself is part of the travel experience," she said.
She was particularly struck by how Chongqing's nightlife is woven into everyday life rather than concentrated around a single tourist attraction. "You can have something to eat at night, walk around, go to the riverside to see the night view. A lot of activities can continue well into the night," she said.
This nighttime energy also provides a natural setting for the "Chongqing Landing Visa." 
After spending the day exploring the city, visitors can continue discovering Chongqing after dark through motorcycle rides, nighttime tours and street-level experiences. 
The motorcycle photo-op is therefore more than a photo opportunity; it has become part of the way young travelers experience the city at night.
That helps explain why Chongqing is attracting more young visitors from overseas. In the first half of this year, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport handled more than 1.48 million inbound and outbound passengers at its immigration checkpoint, up 39.5 percent year-on-year, the fastest growth among China's 10 largest airports, according to Chongqing municipal people's government.
Nearly 70,000 foreign travelers entered Chongqing in July alone, up 84.7 percent year-on-year, according to Chongqing city government.
More than a destination 
As more overseas visitors come to see Chongqing as a city they can enjoy and experience well into the night, motorcycles, night views and street life are becoming more than just backdrops - they are becoming experiences that travelers actively take part in.
Yang Gen, from the Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, told the Global Times that Chongqing's unique landscape and urban development have created a naturally three-dimensional cityscape. "Many places here are themselves scenes that people can experience and capture on camera," he said.
In his view, what makes the "Chongqing Landing Visa" interesting is that it was not a tourism project designed by the city in advance. Instead, visitors discovered a location and created a new way to experience it themselves. 
"After people filmed and shared their experiences, more visitors were drawn to the same places, creating a natural chain of communication and influence," Yang said.
"This kind of approach, in which visitors participate in creating content and then attract more visitors through that content, is something traditional tourism promotion can hardly fully replicate," he noted.
Behind this new form of communication is also a shift in the travel preferences of younger tourists. 
According to Yang, the ability to participate, experience and create personal memories is becoming an increasingly important factor when young travelers choose destinations.
The rise of the "Chongqing Landing Visa" also shows how locally created travel experiences can spread beyond borders through social media. As more international visitors share their China travel experiences online, China is attracting growing attention overseas. 
Tesla CEO Elon Musk recently posted on X that "more people should visit China," while his mother Maye Musk has repeatedly shared her positive experiences of traveling in China.
The story of Chongqing offers a glimpse into this growing interest. The motorcycle trend is more than a viral moment; it shows how Chinese cities are attracting visitors not only through landmarks, but also through unique everyday experiences.
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二 |     （来源：麻省理工科技评论）          以后找工作时，你的简历很可能还没到招聘经理手里，就已经先被 AI 看过一遍了。问题是，它真的会公平吗？          研究人员早就发现，大语言模型会从训练数据里继承人类社会已有的偏见。但一项最新研究发现，事情可能比这更复杂：AI 不仅会学习偏见，还会在不断做决策的过程中，自己形成新的刻板印象，而且这种倾向甚至比人类更强。         更值得警惕的是，AI 公司如今都在努力打造拥有长期记忆的智能体，希望模型能够记住用户越来越多的细节。而这些记忆，也可能成为模型滋生偏见的土壤。         为了研究这一问题，普林斯顿大学和芝加哥大学的研究人员设计了一场模拟招聘实验，参与者包括 ChatGPT、Claude、Gemini 等多个主流大语言模型。

三 |          实验改编自一项经典心理学研究。研究人员告诉模型，它们受雇于一位虚构城市的市长，担任招聘顾问，需要帮助政府为医生、律师、托育员、保洁员等 20 种职业招聘员工。

四 | 所有候选人都来自四个虚构族群：Tufa、Aima、Reku 和 Weki。

五 |          每一轮，模型都会面对一个新的岗位，以及四位分别来自不同族群的候选人。完成招聘后，它会立刻得到反馈：这个人是否胜任工作。

六 | 随后进入下一轮。整个实验一共持续 40 轮，模型的目标只有一个：尽可能招到更多合适的人。模型不知道的是，研究人员其实做了一个手脚：无论来自哪个族群，每位候选人在任何岗位上的成功概率都完全一样。         按理说，模型不应该偏向任何一个群体。

七 | 但结果恰恰相反。仅仅经过几轮招聘，模型就开始根据有限的经验，把不同族群和不同职业绑定在一起。例如，如果模型早期碰巧遇到一位 Aima 族候选人担任医生失败，它之后便会越来越少招聘 Aima 人做医生，而是更倾向于把他们安排到保洁岗位。因为在模型看来，医生代表着更高的能力和亲和力，而保洁员对应的要求则更低。         换句话说，它开始把一次偶然的经历，当成了整个群体的特征。更令人意外的是，这种倾向甚至比真人严重。

八 | 研究人员使用了一项“职业隔离指数”来衡量刻板印象的程度。指数越高，说明不同族群越容易被固定到特定职业中；2 分代表完全隔离。

九 | 此前心理学实验中的真人平均得分为 0.84，而大语言模型整体高出了约 65%。其中，OpenAI 的推理模型 o3 得到了 1.83，非常接近理论最高值。         论文共同作者、普林斯顿大学博士生 Ryan Liu 认为，这其实并不奇怪。“大语言模型本来就特别擅长根据有限的信息快速总结规律。”他说，“这几乎就是它们被训练出来要做的事情。”          在人类心理学中，这种现象对应着经典的“探索—利用困境”（exploration-exploitaion dilemma）：是继续选择过去证明有效的方法，还是尝试新的可能？就像出去吃饭时，你会纠结是去一家没吃过的新店，还是继续光顾那家不会踩雷的老餐馆。

十 |          对于大语言模型来说，这种取舍往往更加偏向后者。因为它们长期接受数学、编程和科学任务训练，而这些任务通常鼓励模型从少量例子中快速归纳规律，所以它们很容易过早下结论。也正因为如此，那些推理能力更强的新模型——例如 OpenAI 的 o3 和 DeepSeek 的 R1——在实验中反而表现出了更明显的偏见。Liu 说，“当这种快速归纳的能力被带入社会场景时，问题就开始出现了。”          康奈尔大学计算机科学家 Angelina Wang 没有直接参与这项研究，但她认为，这项工作来得正是时候。如今，各家公司都在为聊天机器人加入长期记忆和个性化能力。当模型越来越依赖于用户过去的互动记录时，它也可能越来越容易根据这些有限经验形成判断。她说，“它可能会过度依赖自己过去遇到过的行为模式。”          当然，解决办法并不是让 AI 什么都记不住。毕竟，大多数用户都希望聊天机器人能够记住自己说过的话。

十一 | 真正困难的是找到那个平衡点：既保留足够的记忆提供个性化体验，又不至于让模型因为这些经验形成新的偏见。         研究人员还尝试了另一种办法，直接告诉模型：请公平一点。但并不奏效。Liu 认为，这说明模型未必真的能够把“公平”这样的价值观落实到具体决策中；又或者，这种要求会被另一个更强的目标覆盖——尽可能提高招聘成功率。         但如果换一种方式，情况就不同了。研究人员告诉模型，如果能够实现更加多元化的招聘，它们还能获得额外奖励。

十二 | 模型的偏见随即大幅下降。

十三 | 这说明，与其不断强调公平，不如直接把公平写进模型的目标函数里，让社会价值真正成为模型优化的一部分。         研究人员还发现，当模型掌握更多真正与任务相关的个人信息时，偏见也会减轻。另一组实验中，模型需要帮助来自不同族群的人搬迁到加拿大不同城市。如果提供的是年龄、教育背景等与适应新城市能力相关的信息，模型就更倾向于依据这些个人特征做判断，而不是简单按照族群分类。但如果提供的是发色、纹身图案这类无关信息，模型很快又会重新回到按族群做决定的老路上。         至于现实中的 AI 招聘系统会不会出现同样的问题，目前还没有明确结论。实验中的模型每做完一次招聘，都能立刻知道结果；现实世界却不是这样。一家公司往往需要几个月甚至更长时间，才能判断一位员工是否真正适合岗位。不过，只要这些反馈持续积累，模型依然可能从有限的数据中过度总结经验，并把这些经验带到下一次招聘中。         随着越来越多企业开始使用大语言模型筛选简历、甚至参与面试，这项研究释放出的信号不容忽视。

十四 | 未来，AI 不只是可能复制人类已有的偏见。它还可能在不断学习和决策的过程中，创造出一种从未有人教过它的新偏见。正如 Liu 所说：“这种新的偏见，可能会一直存在。”          原文链接：          https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/07/20/1140655/ai-biases-hiring-humans/。

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Published on:10:35:34